for their 2nd release, the parisian label have decided to play -rawze- & clubby. then they called around7 for that. the french producer has digged his best rythm voices, bumpin bass lines, heavy beats & some crazy samples to give us his version of funk. and for sure, funk is in da house & that s pure joy to play this record live, for make the dancefloor wet!! anyway, rawze ep is guaranteed fun, approved by ondulé recordings & served only on limited wax… once again all the ingredients for an unlimited pleasure!!!

no artist info on this one, but the label seems somehow familiar. a few djs have been ending sets with these tracks but not releasing any info about them. now they are getting a release all on one record

he s not what you d call a prolific producer but the old saying of quality over quantity couldnt ring truer for marcellis. with just 3 releases in the last 12 years starting with a single on 2004, followed by an ep on workshop and then his album on millions of moments, any new work is highly anticipated. its been a long time coming for nonplus but every bit worth the wait. 3 tracks covering a range of styles from the ice cold analogue quirkiness of sleep, to the bumping 4/4 offering of indigo skyfold through to the jazzed out chugger can they do tha (g love real raw) its an honour to have marcellis as an addition to the catalogue.

butterflies is lord tang s second full length release. it is a warm descent into a dub fueled frenzy of color and light. it is a sound dredged from the depths of jamaican dub and spun into a new form that incorporates the many influences on lord tang s creator, dominic cramp: soundtracks, library music, vintage science fiction, broken beats, dirty electronics, modular electronic music, abstract tone clouds.

diggin disco deep expands its roster! sebb junior, slync, vhyce and marsupials got the call to lift the weight of this fourth project of the label. following the ddd recipe, they keep it disco as the basis of their tracks, building upon deep, soulful and disco-house material. don t miss!

bristol is a tight knit place and there has always been a healthy culture of collaboration in the city, lmye (lend me your ears) are the latet in that tradition. two friends who met, and for a period recorded above the idle hands shop on stokes croft. they made their debut on funkineven’s apron label earlier in 2016 with the ‘cali 76’. here they keep things closer to home with a release on idle hands.
‘manhattan’ is as indebted to ’70s us funk as it is to ’90s uk garage. a house tune that has turned heads on the various mixes it has found itself on over the last year.
over on the flip shanti celeste turns in a brilliant remix, one of her best we think.

the omnibus band was founded by jarda zajpt and petr dikan in 1979 in czechoslovakia. having met at the electronic high school, electronics was their field of expertise. over time, petr dikan constructed several sound devices such as the Šílený fridrich (Šf, crazy frederick) keyboard and the vsd (všude samý dráty/wires everywhere) generator which he operated during the recordings and also at concerts. at that time, heavily influenced by brian eno and robert fripp from the king crimson band, jarda zajpt played the guitars, using all kinds of effects, pre-recorded tapes, and one or more interconnected tape recorders. the first record, “israels”, was produced between 1980 and 1982. in 1985, jarda zajpt swapped a guitar for a keyboard and a new member arrived – pavel zvolenský – who programmed and played the automatic percussions. martin bauer, playing the bass guitar, completed the trio. they have produced a second album, “rhythmus”, in this assembly. remastered from unreleased tape recordings. this is the first release in the framework of the project jupiter 08 – archeology of the slavic electronic sound.

few would challenge the claim that the 1960s and 70s have been the most fertile two decades in the history of popular music ever - a period which, regardless of genre, laid the foundations for everything that has followed. what is more, this period was so fertile that the speed with which tastes changed left a colossal amount of incredible music to gather dust - perhaps most famously a profusion of funk, soul and jazz. it was a musical legacy that lay mouldering until the rise of sampling in late 80s hip-hop precipitated a mad scramble for lost crates and suddenly, the music that became known as rare groove - for obvious reasons (it was rare and very groovy) - experienced a phoenix-like rebirth. a quarter of a century on and a million funk, soul, jazz-funk and rare groove compilations, re-presses and re-releases later, you d think that cupboard was bare and yet, even now, there are gems to be found. pt is re-releasing the rarest of cuts that often were originally only limited runs or private pressings and new compilation down & wired is just such a collection. always soulful, this features everything from mod groovers and northern stompers, to funky bumps and latin heaters. yet while the quality of all cuts is immediately apparent, only one of the eleven has ever been previously been compiled because when pt do rare, they don t mess around. in fact, if these tracks were steaks - they d still be walking around eating grass.

he small town boys are back again with an ep full of lovely music straining your feet. synths ran hot, beer cooled down, old school became new school surrounded by tons of deep atmospheres. they put it all together on these four tracks taking you on a journey from the heart of the town around the world. get on your feet!

quintessentials is very happy to present their 50th release! to celebrate this, we invited some buddies to bring the deep beats. and damn they did! mat chiavaroli, one of your main artists who is getting stronger and stronger, opens this jubilee release with upbuilding powerful tune, just the tune the get quintessentials 50 started! great to see profilic dutch producer nachtbraker (heist, quartet series) on the label too. we love his style and he will soon be as popular as ajax amsterdam! his subtle and dirty “bronco” fits in perfectly. the definitive club tune that grooves and grooves and grooves comes from ponty mython (dirt crew). alexandr is a cool guy and this is defo a cool tune. last but not least is soul of hex (freerange, vicario). our mexican friend is going very raw this time. yes, why not call it electronic body music (remember?)! as we are gentlemen, we added a quintessentials sticker in the vinyl edition. go and get it!

the ichinen project was born from the strong music connection between roberto bosco and kiny - both producer, performers and founders of last drop records imprint - and from the need to share their personal music concept. finally, this year they returns on their label with the first official track under new ichinen monicker.

literary all the granny smith apple trees grown today, from uruguay to hokaido, are clones from mrs. smith’s original tree in sydney. bananas, oranges, watermelons, garlic & other fruits of daily delight are routinely replicated without any input of external ideas - i.e., they are cloned. there is no general ethical or aesthetic decision to be formed about clones, since you have already imbibed them ever since your first bite. thus, you are not in a neutral or otherwise preliminary position, but already involved, kneedeep.

when la label acid test decided to start the leftfield imprint, avenue 66, they looked to new jersey house mystic joey anderson for an opening salvo. he delivered the modern psych-dance masterpiece above the cherry moon. now andersons back again with more of his beguiling dreamlogic. on if one cares, they act different anderson works with a lead that could score an unsettling 80s horror flick, eventually introducing his signature quicksilver synths and abstract, jacking drum patterns. peace there starts with the square-wave basslines and raspy hats taking us to a psychedelic far away place. on the vase, anderson reins things in, but even his bittersweet, relatively straight-head deep house tracks present an odd paradox. his music so alien and human all at once.

disparate producers with complimentary sounds, evil needle and sivey met in an online beat community 6 years ago and to this day have never met in real life. nonetheless, they present their first official ep, ‘constructive interference’, to the world. ‘constructive interference’ was created over the span of 3 years and embodies the unique soundscapes of each producer. evil needle, based in strasbourg france just on the border of germany pulls inspiration from traditional hip hop, neo-soul and trap music while seamlessly weaving in open synths and chunky chord progressions. manchester, uk-based sivey incorporates soulful beat-oriented music with what he calls “emotional highs and lows that are still musically stimulating” adding a beautifully uptempo sensibility.

back once again with the renegade masters, to rack & ruin romp on, bringing ill behaviour and dance floor damage wherever they go. this twelfth instalment of the heady edit series sees mancunian maverick neil diablo invite the rejected and que sakamoto to tackle a side each on this floor flaying four tracker.

released on limited edition made in detroit label with neat engraved single on the flip. the side that does play is a monster - detroit s -they could have been bigger than the temptations- mighty mighty the precisions and the iconic northern soul album -if this is love (i d rather be lonely . motor city magic.

abrao will debut his first solo ep produced by red axes, and released on their own imprint, garzen records. abraos songs talk about his past, his future, love and hate, dirt and clean, they are sometimes happy and sometimes sad, but they are always different.

recovering from the gray decay of the winter here in berlin, we are more than ready to push forward farther into the future. in order to do so the powers at chronicle have aligned a new musical offering to test the palate of those who know, and those who care. we are pleased to present six tracks from the prolific arnaud le texier, who has made waves for years with his children of tomorrow imprint and renowned taste. from cosmic interludes to heavy hitting transcendence, arnaud manages to showcase all sides of his production skills as they translate into a compelling and emotive narrative. among them stands a tribute to one who was lost along the way that we simply do not want to forget. only rarely in this life do we stand witness to gures that make a true impression, an imprint that continues to leave a mark long after the original has passed. max_m was one of these gures, and it is through his music and immensely dignified curatorial prowess that his legacy will live on. arnaud’s poignant tribute stands as a personal note amongst an ep full of forceful techno suitable for deep space exploration

heads up for fresh vibes out of your favourite corner! dizzy tunes brings dj krime back on track shaping it up with mr krush and their chicago vibes ep. as if that wasn t dope enough, they spoil your ears with a pure 80 s floor filling remix by murphy jax.

coloured vinyl + cd) hydrogen seas debut album in dreams is the next chapter in this young bands intriguing story. on their first full length, they reconcile the electronic with the acoustic in eleven stunning pop songs.

len leise - ing ing - the first release for general purpose (gp), a record label created by len leise and longtime dj partner and collaborator salvador. leise and salvador neither plan to release exclusively on gp, nor promise regular releases. it’s a label for when they can find the time, energy, money and, most important, the sound they believe in. ing is about embracing change, experimentation and progression. terrified to follow a format, leise looked to other genres for inspiration. he turned to his love for dub, afro, post punk and experimental music to find guidance. artists like scientist, jah shaka, savant, adrian sherwood and andromeda all in their own way influence ing. ing is not what you’d expect from leise. ing is a dub record, a post punk record, an experimental record, a balearic record, a homage record, a record with a purpose.

aus music bring a summer of firsts to a close as they follow up records from the newly collared recloose, trevino and paul woolford with another new addition to the team: tom trago. the rush hour regular joins the ranks with being broke - a bright and groovy four-track aimed straight at the dance floor of this seasons closing festivals. the a side offers up an original and dub version of the title track - a bumping house groove built with playful vocal samples and nifty synth lines. on the flip are two version of good lies - the first rolling out over its elongated duration with sharp, galloping hats and free-flowing rhodes notes. tension begins to develop as the track steadily snowballs gathering vocal snips and a menacing bass line while the good christian edit offers up a lighter, more early-doors affair bringing a nicely rounded package to a close.

spanish duo reykjavik 606 have another story to tell – this time one they’re sharing on the brand new music terrae label. in a three-headed, musical tale, their ‘stop looking for happiness in the same place you lost it’ ep brings out all of their talent. blending cinematic house, mesmerizing melodies and groovy downtempo bits with their taste of eclectic, reykjavik 606 show exactly why one of their previous albums was nominated for ‘album of the year’ by dj mag and clubbingspain. on music terrae, their talent is showcased with the sounds of ‘nowhere in particular’, ‘no name for a place’ and ‘lonely boy’, three unparalleled productions to spark your senses and capture the imagination. these guys are right at home on music terrae.

desolat label boss loco dice is back with what is sure to be a massive autumn package: he has remixed the seminal dance track ‘go’ by the legendary moby, twice, and has made it all his own in the process. moby needs little introduction: the american dance producer and live performer’s albums are classics of the genre that are celebrated far and wide. they have been used on thousands of adverts, have given rise to hit singles all over the world and have made him one of the most celebrated electronic music stars of our time. his ‘go’ track was what started it all for him back in the 90’s, and was a bona fide club classic of the day. it still resonates today and always gets crowds going. now it has been remixed twice by loco dice, who has added his own stamp to it in distinctive fashion. his first excellent version is eight minutes of chunky and tribal drums, with rubber kicks, clipped horn stabs and big hits all building the pressure. those most famous vocal cries really finish it off in style, and ensure that dance floors will go wild whenever it is dropped, as do wonky synths and big piano chords at the breakdown. the second version is more emotive, with big sweeping strings smeared in the background to help make it all the more dramatic, teary eyed and impactful on the floor. this one is for the peak time in any set and is sure to make the most memorable moment of any night. both remixes here pack a real punch, and whilst remaining true to the original, they both sound just like you would expect from modern dance heavyweight loco dice.

the revised brotherhood recorded their one and only 45rpm single tragedy b/w those things in 1971. the band was founded by organist john hurd who was taught music many days a week by roger troutman. the band released a full length album shortly after the 45 but it did not take long and they split up. thanks to john hurd all of you get the chance to enjoy these songs on 45rpm single, more than 40 years after its initial release.

few would challenge the claim that the 1960s and 70s have been the most fertile two decades in the history of popular music ever - a period which, regardless of genre, laid the foundations for everything that has followed. what is more, this period was so fertile that the speed with which tastes changed left a colossal amount of incredible music to gather dust - perhaps most famously a profusion of funk, soul and jazz. it was a musical legacy that lay mouldering until the rise of sampling in late 80s hip-hop precipitated a mad scramble for lost crates and suddenly, the music that became known as rare groove - for obvious reasons (it was rare and very groovy) - experienced a phoenix-like rebirth. a quarter of a century on and a million funk, soul, jazz-funk and rare groove compilations, re-presses and re-releases later, you d think that cupboard was bare and yet, even now, there are gems to be found. pt is re-releasing the rarest of cuts that often were originally only limited runs or private pressings and new compilation down & wired is just such a collection. always soulful, this features everything from mod groovers and northern stompers, to funky bumps and latin heaters. yet while the quality of all cuts is immediately apparent, only one of the eleven has ever been previously been compiled because when pt do rare, they dont mess around. in fact, if these tracks were steaks they d still be walking around eating grass.

massive 11-piece latin american afrobeat combo nelda piña y la boa have been exploring the vast rhythms of west african music and its many branches within their home base country of colombia for the last 3 years. influenced by the contrasting sounds and traditions of colombia s disparate atlantic & pacific coast cultures, they bring a unique twist to the familiar afrobeat lineup that is accentuated by their cantadora nelda piña, a singer from the bolivar region who was born in the 1940s. once again, colombia and its deep reservoir of modern and traditional musicians prove the awesome alchemy of melding the sounds and aesthetics of old and young generations.

finally, justus köhncke is unveiling new tracks! his first release since justus köhncke & the wonderful frequency band (kompakt, 2013) is both daring and serious. five songs in german, interpretations of material by howard carpendale, juliane werding and nik p. plus english-into-german translations of two pop classics (twist in my sobriety by tanita tikaram, captain of her heart by double). this is not an ironic joke about seemingly stupid music or schlager: köhncke embraces these five compositions and turns them into his own. they transmutate into his very own vision of nu-german comps-soul‹ while retaining justus unique sound.

the first record on new york trax imports is a split ep by the stockholm-based artist dawid dahl and another alias, a seasoned techno producer from ireland. dawid dahl’s ‘krig’ and ‘gehenna’ are two beautiful, yet intense and dark tracks. they are accompanied by ‘craic fiend’, a ruthless face melter combining fast tempo, distortion and a mind-blowing off-beat breakdown.

the cyovac machine is held together by a team of like minded artists that work to move production forward. cryovac functions to preserve the soundcraft of thees artists into the vinyl format. cryovac vinyl is pressed by a.garcia at archer record press in detroit. the cryovac operates to push music that represents the soul of its maker. sierra sam and pascal hetzel bring the smooth techno feel of berlin and an analog savvy to fist side of cryovac #14. they combine for two minimal machine soul bangers that zone your mind and move your body. spam burrito is the creation of a.garcia and kieth kemp. this combination rocks out choice wavs that have been tweeked to perfection under the rising and falling of effects. dave powers choses the low key emotional path of ever an evolving synth moving an intelligent knock. the 14th edition of cryovac is a must hear.

we want to present to your attention a compilation that consists of the russian musicians works. they’re stylistically different, but in the same time they’ve got one energy and close affinity with classical sound. musicians in this compilation represent a little-known stratum of a new russian electronic scene. their music embodies positive transformation of cultural values of our present and future. we’d like to thank all the musicians and those who support us. peace! :)

zwischenfall formed in belgium in 1982 with michael sass (synths), martin urban (bass/vocals) and stephan kraemer (guitar/drums). they were united by their interest in combining electronic and traditional instruments, which developed the basis for 1982 demo recordings. by chance patrick codenys of the belgian electro pioneers front 242, heard two songs and decided to record a 4-song ep

feel international = international feel. its brand new good for you. juan marco make music for daydreamers. they are new too. love love x.

one per customer ... the wonderful black ops sub label from the sleazybeats people wraps up, which has been a monumentally successful series by anyone s standards, with an ep from the notorious sample bandits, the popular peoples front over a decade after launching a distinctive series whose ambitions amounted to no less than condensing thirty years of black club music into a beautifully packaged, portable collage of sonic sample goodness, the sb crew tracked them down & appealed to their anarchic, nihilistic nature by offering them the final release on the label. the ppf project itself came to a close at release no. 10, so the synchronicity was strong for no other reason than a desire to celebrate dancefloor abandon and strive to soundtrack the purest forms of hedonism, ambiguous sexuality and a transcendent celebration of outsider culture, not to mention a green light to shamelessly exploit, steal and otherwise pilfer their source material, they said yes. after trying, with no small amount of success to transcend the basic edit through the ppf series, the band have again worked their collage approach into three truly magical cuts as always, this is a limited, vinyl only release. it will not be repressed and will not be released digitally. not now, not ever

making his hot creations debut is belfast s very own phil kieran with make a change and heavyweights nathan barato and matrixxman on remixes. acting as a teaser this release is the precursor to kieran s soon coming album blinded by the sun on jamie jones and lee foss s almighty label in october. make a change sees synths and drum machines being brought together by a simple vocal that acts a mantra, i wanted to send out a positive message onto the dance floor that could empower people. inspired by events and people in the world over history that have made a difference by standing up for what they believe in. phil kieran

played by roland the realest, born to shine records, henri le blanc
together melbourne pair amin payne and sean deans form apsd, and they debut in quite impressive form with this digital dust album for hot shot sounds. inkswel and benny badge s label has developed into the prime source for what they call -drum machine soul music- and apsd are a perfect fit. some 11 tracks deep, digital dust features contributions from the voice of fat freddy s drop himself, joe dukie, as well as miles bonny, cazeaux oslo, silent jay and more. yet it s deans and payne s innate mastery of a glistening brand of funk across various tempos which shines through on this album.

very cool ep from skatebard on vivod ! a mixed bag from the prolific norwegian producer showing us why he s still at the top of his game. -maskindans- kicks things off with some speak & spell funk followed by -hissige helger-, a brooding chicago-style banger sure to tear up some discoteques across the planet. on the flip are -langbolgen- and -gloymde skogar-. the former is an acid style work out, the latter is more of a subtle, hypnotyizing opus. all very strong tracks. don t sleep on this. they will go fast !

brasilian crate diggers and party starters selvagem deliver two savage reworks on disco deviance for their debut release on the imprint. already highly respected djs in their homeland with legendary parties in sao paulo and rio, this dj and production duo are now really starting to make waves and have an impact around the world with tours and releases on quality labels such as beats in space, barefoot beats and disco halal. for this release on dd they unleash a dance floor beast on the a side, while demonstrating their musical range with a hands in the air balearic disco vibe on the flip. enjoy the music!

the sixth release from hong kong/tokyo label palms & charms sees the return of barnaby bruce, and starts with a tale of daring escape. hearing the approach of a loping synth, the protagonist checks the window: mysterious people are gathering outside his house! as a somewhat gallic groove emerges, he and his girlfriend are in his car and heading south, driven on by the swing of the percussion. will he find his deliverance on the continent? next up, ruf dug steps in with a spacious electronic reggae-esque remix, leading up to a killer piano line which pushes the groove straight onto the autoroute. ces t magnifique. on the b-side, our erstwhile fugitive and partner awake by the side of a country road in southern france. a baguette, a bottle of wine and the sound of chattering insects. oh, for the cicadas! as they head ever further south, they begin to reflect on what other worlds await them at journey s end. on the car radio a band plays a curious but driving blend of disco and percussion, with a distinctly house-influenced melody. cette musique les deplace. was it all just a crazy dream? grab your suitcase, head to the coast and pick up a copy of this limited edition record to find out...

in the follow up to their recent 10 year celebrations - aus music present another landmark signing for the label as they triumphantly welcome long term friend paul woolford into the fold. few artists can boast of a catalogue as consistent and as evolutionary as woolford and his latest offering for aus - as ever - lands right on the mark in delivering a beguiling trip split over two sides of vinyl. ‘heaven & earth’ is a rich and elongated house record that contrasts bright orchestral melodies with thick, tearing bass tones. together - these two primary elements create a fervent sense of tension that no doubt will soundtrack countless memorable dance floor moments over the festival period.

executive slacks began in the hot, humid summer of 1980 philadelphia by matt marello, john young and albert ganss, three bored, broke, anxious art students. starting out with performance art in subways, they soon took their angst-ridden act to galleries and night clubs. the band found their moniker in a run-down bookstore after seeing an ad for men

the main ingredient is the second album by pete rock & cl smooth, originally released in 1994. characterized by sultry soul and jazz samples, the album saw a more polished sound than the duo’s debut “mecca & the soul brother” movlp1633, building on the praise that they had already garnered. the main ingredient is notable for its snappy, crispy drums and extensive use of vocal scratches. it contains some of the duo’s best known work, in the form of tracks such as the upbeat “in the house”, and the catchy “sun won’t come out”, which features a lush vocal sample from the song of the same name by harvey scales.
pressing on 180 gram audiophile vinyl.

black spuma are fabrizio mammarella (telespazio) & phillip lauer (tuff city kids / talamanca system). infamous for releases on running back, beats in space and permanent vacation, they now return to international feel.

40th anniversary 2lp gatefold edition, features newly mixed outtakes from the jungle room sessions. engineered at the legendary sam phillips recording service in memphis, tennessee.

when pig&dan decided to join forces, they began a truly prolific production schedule establishing their reputation as producers of pulsating electronic music that straddled dark house and high-energy techno, whilst creating their signature style of twisted and experimental breakdowns. since those early days, they have created a repertoire that not many can match and have constantly been releasing their music on the most respected labels and playing at the best events worldwide. pig & dan make their entrance to drumcode with a full force, four track ep. the mexico ep encapsulates pig & dan s well known signature sound with each of the four tracks bringing their own identity to the release. the tracks, laced with driving kick drums, modulated samples and thumping bass lines, come together to create a heavy yet dynamic ep that prove pig&dan are masters of their craft.

nice price deal !!! the title of this ep sorta says it all. its quite an important release for the label. glasgow musical connections all around! when most people think of optimo music, they think of the long-running club night in glasgow >optimo (espacio)<, which ran for 12 years every sunday…headed by jd twitch and jg wilkes. label honcho jd twitch is extremely proud to be releasing naum gabo … as this is the studio project of his optimo partner, jonnie wilkes, along with james savage. jonnie and james (formally releasing three 12 inches simply as >naum< on kompakts mighty speicher series) have been active on the scene for a while now. as well as releasing the original music on kompakt, mule, eskimo, dissident, and tinae they have provided some wonderful naum gabo reworks for hot chip, simian mobile disco, franz ferdinand, snow patrol, psychonauts and so many more… twitch has long been a fan of naum gabo so it is a bit of a coup to be getting this fantastic release: two covers of two mighty scottish acts from the late 70s/early 80s.

nice price deal !!! about liminals uppsala based liminals were formed in 2009 by tomas bodén and anna-karin brus as a club-oriented side project to differnet, a band where they both are members. differnet gained widespread international acclaim with their experimental electronica on albums such as come on and bring back the brjokén sounds of yore and the title of the record is the text printed on the cover, or nothing at all. as tomas and anna-karin now explore the strobing lights of the dancefloor, they continue to draw attention and have already been recognized by pitchfork, swedish daily svenska dagbladet and swedish national radio shows p3 pop and p2 ström. when liminals released their debut, the hearthand ep (friendly noise, 2009), a video was made by sebastian rozenberg for the track the swim and the duo has since made a number of celebrated gigs throughout sweden and norway (for example, the norberg festival, the volt festival in uppsala and the phono festival in berg en).

the lionoil pride return from a heady trip to the most liminal reaches of human comprehension and have brought back something special from their travels. they welcome peckhams finest, fyi chris - the janus of jam, the hydra of hip and the two newest members of the east coast caledonian cosmic cohort! with them they bring the lionoil ep - a dirge of disco dragon chasers and hermetic house hangovers. no dipping the toes gently into this one, dive deep and fully submerge...

two thousand has always been the official symbol of the future. two thousand has been told, represented, drawn and played centuries before the year two thousand. and now it s past. -i don t wanna get rid of this: all the changes you re making now, will simply belong to two thousand. we belong to two thousand-. white label 10- w/ unknown edits that dig heavily into jazz samples but they go beyond, creating sonic impro jams including menacing low pitched arpeggios, celestial breaks of synths and far away lights of a black continent pulsating under the crisp mastering work. included is a nice printed poster with artwork from 2000 himself.